Aaron J. Powner, M.Ed.
High School Science Teacher
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təˈmɒlədʒi/etymology - circa 1856, "theory of knowledge," coined by Scottish philosopher James F. Ferrier (1808-1864) from Greek episteme "knowledge" + -ology "branch of knowledge, science." The branch of philosophy concerned with the origin, acquisition, scope, and validity of knowledge. -- Online Etymology Dictionary © Douglas Harper and Dictionary.com
A. Philosophy
- Etymology: from the Greek φιλοσοφία (philosophia), which literally means "love of wisdom."
- Many "schools" of philosophy have developed over thousands of years. Each has its own approach to gaining knowledge and defining reality.
1. Belief
- Definition -- an idea that is held to be true (with or without justification)
2. Justification
- Definition -- reason(s) to accept an idea as true (evidence)
3. Truth
- Limited Sense Definition -- A truth is a fact of reality.
- Ultimate Sense Definition -- Truth is the sum total of reality = all things as they really are, or really were, or really will be.
4. Knowledge
- The Latin word scientia means "knowledge"
- Common Definition -- familiarity with ideas and beliefs, along with associated justification and applications.
- Academic Definition -- knowledge is seen as the overlap of justified belief and truth, therefore knowledge is accepted as established truth.
Nature of Science (per NGSS)
Scientific Investigations Use a Variety of Methods
Scientific Knowledge is Based on Empirical Evidence
Scientific Knowledge is Open to Revision in Light of New Evidence
Scientific Models, Laws, Mechanisms, and Theories Explain Natural Phenomena
Science is a Way of Knowing
Scientific Knowledge Assumes an Order and Consistency in Natural Systems
Science is a Human Endeavor
Science Addresses Questions About the Natural and Material World